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Assuming a steerer/fork/brake/cable setup that does not rely on the stem facing forward: is it safe to point a stem backwards as a way to reduce seat-to-bar reach (i.e. as a way to 'fit' a too-large bike to a smaller/shorter person)? If not, why not?

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    I would not recommend it as a general rule. Unfortunately it would take a lot of mathematics to describe why and without you and your bike's specifications it would be impossible to determine for your specific case. You could attempt it, but I would highly recommend against this because bicycle stability is dependent on speed and instability issues could possibly manifest only at high speeds, causing serious injury. Jun 7, 2017 at 6:53

20 Answers 20

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No, it would not be particularly safe. The steering would get extremely twitchy and difficult to handle.

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    What is it that makes this so? Could you provide some details?
    – Ehryk
    Jul 8, 2012 at 0:41
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    I don't see how the steering would be any different than dutch bikes where the bars curve around and are held behind the headset. bikehugger.com/post/view/affordable-cool-and-cheap-city
    – Kibbee
    Jul 8, 2012 at 17:23
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    @Zenbike Ehryk and Kibbee might or might not try this for themselves but the entire readership of this question certainly won't. We read so that we can avoid having to try everything for ourselves. Have you tried this?
    – bdsl
    Feb 3, 2015 at 8:40
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    @bdsl - Yes, I have ridden bikes set up in this manner. I don't recommend it. The leverage for the steering is wrong. It reacts in a twitchy and unstable manner. As I said already. There really isn't anything else to say. You are welcome to try it yourself, or to take my word. No skin off my back either way.
    – zenbike
    Feb 5, 2015 at 16:34
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    @zenbike: both are the same, the bending around back and having a backwards stem. The reason the dutch bikes are ok with it isn't because it's fundamentally different, but because the dutch bikes have a much more stable geometry to begin with. Whether the handlebars curve back or you have a flat bar with a backwards stem, the grips will rotate exactly the same around the steerer tubes axis. I have a coaster braked bike with no cables to the handlebars, I can spin the bars around and ride, and while the handling is a little weird, it's not twitchy not difficult to handle. May 30, 2016 at 22:11
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I have reversed the stem to bring the bars closer. I found no difference in steering or safety. If a reversed stem is needed, use it without worry. My answer is specific to "cruiser bars," or "cow horn bars" that do not interfere with the top tube.

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    The only actual answer in this entire thread. Aug 14, 2019 at 3:35
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Short answer: probably. As long as the stem and handlebars are metal, or composite that can handle the stress of the reversed position you're not going to have mechanical problems.

Long answer: Unless you are riding with your hands off the handlebars what matters is the position of your hands relative to the steering axis. As long as your hands are a reasonable distance apart, most people can adapt to anywhere from about 20cm in front of to 10cm behind the steerer tube without much effort. That's the difference between drop bars and M bars. Look at the variety of positions that cycle tourists use, for example. If you're comfortable holding the handlebars that matters a lot more than minor changes to how the steering feels.

drop bars thumb drop bars M bars M Bars

I've ridden a wide variety of bikes over the years, and played with handlebar position at times to get comfortable when I've been injured. I ride a folding bike with the stem reversed when I had a broken arm, and while that was somewhat twitchy the very upright position made it much easier to ride with one arm in a sling. The extreme positions tend to be on recumbents because they have more variation in their designs.

You could in theory use a long stem pointing backwards as long as the bars were long enough to put your hands in a sensible position. Some recumbents do this. Others have seemingly ridiculous forward extension and equally ridiculous backward extension on the bars. Below the silver stem is long as well as tilted down, then the bars bring the riders hands back to a comfortable position (the reason the bars go so far forward is to clear the riders knees)

bacchetta with long handlebars

I rode a touring bike somewhat similar to that, but with a very different handlebar:

kotzur touring bike

You can see that the "stem" is about 500mm long and extends back from the steerer tube. There was a big tiller effect (handlebars swing a long way side to side when turning), but the bike was very comfortable.

With upright bikes, I've used a reversed stem to get clearance from the load area:

one less ute

On that bike the fork had a vertical steerer and about 10mm of trail, so it was kinda twitchy. But the handlebars were 2m behind that and geared up slightly, so the overall effect was more "land whale" than "twitchy mess". Albeit having the rider over the rear axle also meant that there was no way to ride the bike without dealing with the weirdness. I liked it, but other people found it hard to ride. "does not ride like a normal bike"... ya think? :)

What matters is that the bike is comfortable for you. If you can afford to buy a short stem and try it, I suggest doing that. Stems are relatively cheap compared to bikes, and if you have a bike co-op or tip shop near you it might be possible to get a second hand one cheap or free.

9

In the BMX world, they use minimum offset or zero offset necks for flatland. The minimum offset options allow you shorter reach without causing problems being backwards. These are some options (the neck/bar combo might not help, but it was shown as examples of options that exist)

In the picture you see a zero offset zero angle bar-neck combo, a minimum offset S&M neck and a Kore neck on a Morales:

enter image description here

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    Of course, BMX bikes are not intended for steering stability/comfort, but are intentionally "twitchy". Jul 8, 2012 at 2:22
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    no, you are right, especially flatland bikes, these bars and necks are designed to feel about the same forward and reversed.
    – BillyNair
    Jul 8, 2012 at 20:52
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The real answer here is that reversing the stem changes the handling very little. 90% of the handling comes from the fork length and curve (trail) and the head tube angle. These things control the inherent stability of a bicycle. The stem length is more a matter of comfort, although there is an important matter of knee clearance, especially if you ever intend to stand on the pedals while riding.

5

Do it, and find out!

Seriously: flip it and take it up the park and find out the fun/hard way.

All other responses regarding the effect of this are speculation. The actual effect will depend on the bike's existing geometry and the height of the rider.

Assuming the bike is too big for the rider, the switch will probably be workable. It may even be more comfortable than riding bike that is too long.

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    "Try it out" is a fair comment. There are plenty of opinions expressed here, and not all of them are backed up by experience. A stem flip should be relatively simple to do, assuming one doesn't have to untape bars or clear one side of gear. Have at it!
    – Criggie
    Aug 4, 2018 at 21:14
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The handling issues would depend on the rider's common hand positions vs the steering axis. Generally the hand positions for most stability would have the hands forward of the axis.

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  • Every single "beach cruiser" bike has hands behind the steering axis. They all work just fine. Aug 14, 2019 at 3:37
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    Beach cruisers also have shallow angles, huge fork offset and ridiculously bad handling.
    – ojs
    Aug 14, 2019 at 6:36
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Steering issues aside, I would think that even if you got the reach aspect of the bike to work like this, there would be many other problems with the fit of the bike. Could you even stand safely over the top bar? Could you drop the seat low enough to reach the pedals?

Also, the headtube and stem are usually slightly angled. On a mountain bike or especially a road bike, you probably wouldn't have much movement available, as I think the handle bars would meet up with the top bar.

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  • stems can be angled upward or downward with a simple flip on the steerer. With a downward-sloping stem and/or a steep-angle head tube, I could see that being an issue but could easily be mitigated by flipping the stem upward (which would probably also help with reach).
    – djangodude
    Jul 8, 2012 at 2:13
  • yeah, it might work with a set of flat bars like on a mountian bike, but drop bars would be no-go as they would come in contact with the top tube very easily. But if the fit of the bike was off by so much that you needed 4 inches less (assuming a 2 inch stem), then the bike is probably a really bad fit, and even if the steering did work, it probably wouldn't be a great idea.
    – Kibbee
    Jul 8, 2012 at 2:38
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Assuming, as the questioner did, that we are not considering cabling and such, Whether or not to put the stem facing forward or backwards depends on the handlebar shape and placement as well as where you hold the handlebar. I think the physics of bicycle stability is pretty complicated, in any case.

There may be analogies between holding an automobile steering wheel at the "10 and 2" o'clock positions versus the "8 and 4" o'clock positions (or even one-handed at the 6 o'clock. In the car, though, we generally don't use the steering wheel to support ourselves, except during cornering. If you are making a hard turn to the right in a car, then your body will shift to the left. If you are holding the upper part of the wheel (10/2), then that body shift will help pull the steering wheel back towards the center. But if you are holding the bottom of the steering wheel (6 position), then the harder you turn, the more your body will cause the steering wheel to turn even more to the right. So, holding the upper part of the wheel would be more "stable" than the bottom, especially in an emergency.

On the bike, we do put weight on the handlebars a whole lot more, and emergencies can throw us from the bike!

Without holding onto the handlebars (or very lightly), the weight of our body and the bike serves to help keep the front wheel tending to point straight forward because of the way the fork is at an angle and the way the wheel axle is off the axis of the steering tube/headset. At the same time, there is a force of, say, road or hub friction that pushes the front wheel to twist towards the back. The angle and weight should overpower the push back.

Let's now suppose that we have a somewhat standard stem, facing forwards. Now also suppose that instead of riding without holding the bars, you ride by holding onto the end of the stem that clamps onto the handlebar, right in the middle of the bars. If you are putting your weight on the bars, as it a road bike I think, then you are probably pushing forward. This would basically make a force to make the wheel face straight forward. However, if you reversed the stem and held it in the same way, then when pushing, it would tend to swing the stem around making it turn either one way or the other.

When braking, this force of pushing on the handlebars would become even greater, even if you are riding a "cruiser" (where more of your resting weight would be on your butt).

Of course, we generally don't ride single handed (or no-handed). And so each hand can serve to balance the push of the other. If we have a backwards-facing stem, and our hands very close together, as in those stylish messenger handlebars, then braking would be very dangerous because it would be almost like riding one-handed and the bike would suddenly turn whenever you braked:

                             In all diagrams, the      ^
                             forward direction is UP,  |
                             looking down on bike.

                O         <- "O" means steering tube axis.
                |                                    
                |              
             ---o---      <- "o" is the stem clamp to the handlebar.

On the other hand, even with forward-facing stems, we do see hand placement that is behind the steering tube in cruiser or beach bikes or dutch bikes (as mentioned by user Kibbee), yet they are somehow safe (motorcycles also often have the grips behind the steering axis):

      ____------o------____               
    --          |          --       
   /            |            \   
  /             O             \  
 /                             \  
/                               \

This (above) situation is, I can only guess, safe because the hands are so widely spaced from each other that they balance out. Additionally, maybe it's because you put less weight on your hands in bikes that use these.

With those narrow messenger bars, they are actually relatively difficult to change direction compared to mountain bikes because you don't have much leverage on the turning and because the hands serve mostly to keep you aiming straight:

             ---o---
                |
                |                                    
                O              

Normal mountain handlebars are just wider, but that gives you a lot more leverage and control:

  ________------o------________               
                |               
                |          
                O             

And the most "maneuverable" and "twitchy" bars would be something like this:

  --------------O-------------- 

Some other handlebar setup, for reference, are below. These others also offer multiple hand placement, so the twitchiness and handling would be different depending on where you hold them. These tend to have grip locations ahead of the steer tube.

Drop and/or mustache handlebars, where it's been a bit "squished" so we see the drops:

    _                        _
   / \                      / \
   | |                      | |
   | |                      | |
   | \----------o----------/  |              
   |            |             |
                |             
                O                

Trekking / butterfly handlebars:

  _--------_____o_____--------_
 /              |              \
 \_____----     |     ----_____/   
                O             

There does not seem to be a strict rule of whether hands forward, at, or rear of the steering axis makes a particular situation safe or dangerous. In general, there seems to be a mix of influences on handling (and danger from turning-when-braking) depending on such things as:

  • how forward/backwards the hand placement is,
  • how wide the hand placement is,
  • geometry of the bike (angle of steering tube, axle location for front wheel, etc.),
  • whether you have more resting weight on hands or not,
  • riding one-handed as when signalling a turn (or no-handed),
  • braking using one-hand (this almost threw me from my own bike), using coaster brakes, etc.
  • braking front vs. rear wheel (may depend on which hand in single-handed riding)
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    I want to upvote you for the extensive, considered answer and the ASCII art of handlebars that must have taken a lot of time, but I don't think you actually answered the question. May 17, 2013 at 23:42
  • I agree with Carey - but I also think some of your assumptions are misguided, for example your comment on the Dutch handlebars.
    – Rory Alsop
    May 18, 2013 at 12:40
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    To carey-gregory: My response is sort of trying to convey that, "it depends", and that there it is not possible to accurately answer "yes" or "no" to the original question. Perhaps the original question should be voted down because it does not given enough specifics? I was trying to improve upon the accepted answer of "no... twitchy" with its support of "Try it yourself." To @rory-alsop: I can see that the assumption of safety of a dutch bike might be unsupported, but I don't think it's "misguided". Can you specify what assumptions are incorrect?
    – PositiveK
    May 18, 2013 at 18:18
  • No - you misunderstand. I have no problems with the safety of a Dutch bike. It just isn't because the hands are widely spaced.
    – Rory Alsop
    May 18, 2013 at 18:26
  • Related question/anwser: stability of flat handlebars
    – PositiveK
    Jul 7, 2013 at 20:34
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If it makes the controls more usable, do it. You need to use a minimimum offset stem backwards. Anything longer and the drops will hang in the top tube from the swing. I have two kids road racing bikes (650c and 24) but the bike manufacturer seems to forget how short a kids reach is. I use a minimum offset stem on each (in the forward position) and even swapped out the drop bars with an MTB flat bar on the smaller bike until my daughter can reach the drops. The one in the picture below turned out to be very light with the cutouts on each axis. They come in 25.4 and 31.8. In my opinion, a zero offset stem in reverse would still put the drops in front of the steerer tube. I plan on going reverse stem next year on a bigger racing frame (kids road bikes are too raked out for good speed and we need to get past 30 km/h). Besides, my kids can ride a Razor scooter and no bike is as squirrely as that. ... I forgot to mention to check the reach of your drop bars. Go to a big LBS and look at short reach womens specific design (WSD) drops. It brings the reach back even more. You can add brifter wedges to shorten the reach to the brake levers if you have to move your palm forward to reach the brake lever. Its crazy what I had to consider for a 7 year old.

minimum offset stem

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  • Scooters are more like skateboards than bikes - the rider can simply step off, so there's not a lot of information crossover. Interesting idea to have drops on a reversed stem, so the hoods end up in front of the steerer axis.
    – Criggie
    May 30, 2016 at 21:19
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I just went out and did it. It handles differently, but not twitchy or unpredictable. Yes, you can safely reverse the stem on your bike.

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    This doesn't add anything to the existing answers, and is too short to be useful in general.
    – Móż
    Jul 10, 2016 at 21:33
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I tried this on a 26" beach cruiser with a 18" frame, and it was quite herky-jerky to steer.

My knees hit the bars so it's not safe for me that way on this bike.

The same change worked well for me on the 29er with a 20" frame size.

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    In other words - flipping the stem to point backward caused you knee-interference on a smaller bike, but on a bigger bike it was okay because there was no knee-interference.
    – Criggie
    Aug 4, 2018 at 20:59
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This setup is called "tiller steering" and comes to the road from boating.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiller
a 1904 car from overhead, showing the tiller in a "turn left" position, which means pushing the steering handle to the right.

This is simply different to a conventional stem setup, and is not inherently less safe or less stable. It is quite different in terms of riding, so its going to feel odd.

Once you're accustomed to it, then changing between tiller and conventional steering is no harder than driving two different cars, or sitting in a dining chair vs a computer chair.

This recumbent has tiller steering. The main difference is a turn can put some part of the bars and stem in the way of the outside knee rising.

M5 559 Shockproof Recumbent, from their website.


Now the question is not about tiller steering in general, but whether this is a safe way to reduce reach.

During normal riding, a reversed stem on a diamond frame bike would be adequate and ride-able. The problems comes from having your bars too close to the knees - pedalling while turning, or emergency turning at the wrong point in the pedal stroke will see a knee trying to share the same space as the handlebar. If the bike was ludicrously-oversized then this may be an effective way to shrink the effective top tube length.

Second, when doing a hard stop (a full power stop) a rider will activate both handbrakes and move their body weight backward. However a quick hard brake without moving body weight will leave the rider more inclined to go Over The Bars due to angular momentum.

I think the best answer here is for OP to try it out. After all, this is no more than 7 bolts to remove assuming the front-cap of their stem is bolted. If its a quill stem where one side of the bars needs to be cleared, then its a lot more work to trial.

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I did change my nephew's around for a racing bmx. He should be on a smaller frame but I got a deal of a lifetime on a pro frame. He has so much more control of the bike now. It does look very goofy switched around, though I haven't noticed anything safety wise with riding that way.

I'm staying with it for now but I will probably get a zero-offset stem for it later, when his reach gets a little longer.

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I reversed the stem on my Scott scale 710 hard tail just a few hours ago.

I was careful on the initial set up to check cable length for turns and all the levers for safe operation and then snugged everything up, loaded my gear and went to a trail. Right out of the gate it rides just the same. The stem is short so the bars are sitting about 6 inches closer to me and an inch plus lower.

I did this to make it easier to learn to manual, and it has helped in a big way. My very first pass I actually got to the point where, with almost no effort, I was lifting the front wheel right up. I have confidence I can learn to do an effective manual lift in time. Bringing my weight back on the bike helped a great deal.

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    Mike - do please try a hard stop from a fast speed down to fully stopped. Let us know what differences you can feel between that and a hard stop with a normal bar setup.
    – Criggie
    Jan 31, 2020 at 8:18
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Putting the stem on backward won't make a bike twitchy. Think about riding a bike no handed. Some bikes do ride twitchy no handed, some are very stable. How it behaves is determined by the fork and the head angle and geometry of the bike. None of this changes if you were to rotate the handlebars or take them off entirely.

There is an instructional video on YouTube of a guy teaching how to ride a manual (a wheelie without pedaling) and one of his tips is to reverse the stem to move the handlebars way back -- it makes it easier to leverage the front wheel of the bike off the ground. He not only reverses the stem, but replaces it with a longer stem so the handlebars are really way closer to the saddle.

Here it is:

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    How does riding a bike on one wheel relate to steering?
    – Móż
    Sep 17, 2015 at 21:19
  • How do handlebars relate to steering? I can ride anywhere I want without them. Except when I'm on one wheel. Then I need the bars.
    – Lee
    Sep 18, 2015 at 20:36
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    You seem to be claiming that, since a bike can be stably ridden no-handed, any steering arrangement must be usable. I beg to differ. Suppose you put a meter-long stem on a bike, and that it was very light so its weight alone didn't cause massive steering instability. Riding no-handed, that bike would be identical to any other bike. But you wouldn't be able to ride it at all with your hands on the bars. OK, that's an absurd example, but it's clear that the behaviour of the steering depends on the times when you're using it with your hands, not on the times you're not using it. Apr 14, 2018 at 16:41
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Just in case anyone comes looking for answer (like I did), here's an extreme example of not just inverting the stem but raising the handle bar too. Apparently for comfort.

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  • The question is about whether this is safe, not what people have kludged together.
    – ojs
    Apr 15, 2018 at 19:29
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    Apparently for comfort. Better answer for that: ride a bike that fits you. Aug 3, 2018 at 10:08
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I added a 8 inch riser bars and a layback seat post reversed the stem comfort is paramount to me added a split seat for the family jewels dept. handling is 95 % the same maybe a little quicker,I'am old but love to ride Should add the frame is a 24 in. stem has an up angle so when I turned it still had an upward angle. top tube slants down. bike as I bought it was too long and tall.details did not say frame size.Mods moved all back 5 1/2 inches and two inches lower.

I forgot to mention the bike is a genisis 6160 29 er have no unsafe feelings when riding the fastest was 30 mpg ,going slow uphill, it always has been quirky stearing like any other bike I have ever riden No Problem

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    I forgot to mention the bike is a genisis 6160 29 er have no unsafe feelings when riding the fastest was 30 mpg ,going slow uphill, it always has been quirky stearing like any other bike I have ever riden No Problem
    – Bubacat 1
    Aug 1, 2018 at 18:51
  • Welcome to the site and thank you for your first answer. Can you use the Edit link to add info about reversing the stem? OP's question is specifically about reversing the stem to decrease reach. Also please browse our tour to see how SE works.
    – Criggie
    Aug 2, 2018 at 6:16
0

good for riding slow and it feels good then when you get up to speed it gets scary... i think it takes away some of the self centering aspect the it normally has....

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    Hi, welcome to bicycles. Are you saying that you actually tried this? What kind of bike/bars was it? At what speed did it get scary? Did that speed feel safe before? In what way was it scary? Getting feedback from people who have tried it for real is useful, but you really should give more information.
    – DavidW
    Aug 3, 2021 at 19:13
-4

If you do not try this, you will never know how much more comfortable it can make your ride.

Danger is part of driving and riding anything.

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    Yes, everything carries some danger. But surely the whole point of the question was to try to figure out if the experiment comes with a reasonable or unreasonable level of danger. I mean, I could replace the brake blocks of my bike with pickles and head for the nearest hill. If I don't try this, I'll never know how fast I'll go, and danger is a part of driving and riding anything, right? Aug 3, 2018 at 10:18

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