I still live in a 6-speed world, but…
I think it would work. Do you have the tools to take the 10-speed cassette off and try it on the 11-speed wheel? The easiest thing might be just to try it. The place where you may run into problems swapping the wheels is with the placement of the cassette. If both cassettes are in the same location (the small and large cogs are in the same position relative to the centerline of the bike) then both should line up in the same way with the derailer and things should be good.
In theory it seems possible that with different hubs you might end up with the cassettes in slightly different locations and the shifting wouldn't be spot on. If that happens you could (in theory) fix it by adding spacers of the right thickness to adjust the position of one of the cassettes. This might be a bit dicey if the 10-speed is the one that needs to move, but I don't think it would be.
You will need a spacer behind the cassette (on the side towards the spokes).