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I know a part of biking endurance and speed come from having a perfect pedal stroke. What should I do to improve my pedal stroke?

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Pushing and pulling and rhythm:

You'll certainly need clipless pedals - you won't develop a decent stroke if you're only pushing down on the pedal. You need to be pulling as well.

I would advocate spending some time riding a fixie, too. If you have to keep you legs moving, you will start to feel more connected to your bike and its speed.

Get yourself a cadence monitor and try to maintain an even cadence when in different gears. When you're not on your fixed, concentrate on spinning your legs. Perhaps try a gear or two higher than you might, purely to spin up a higher cadence. Also maybe trying a stationary spinning bike.

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    Clipless keep your foot in contact and let you get the roundness but I'm doubtfull that you put much power in on the pull-stroke.
    – mgb
    Dec 6, 2010 at 16:30
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    A useful technical exercise (when it is safe to do so) is unclip one foot and pedal with just one leg, whether on a fixed or otherwise. You'll be surprised at the effort you can put in on the pull portion of the stroke cycle. Sure it's less, but it isn't nothing either.
    – Unsliced
    Dec 7, 2010 at 10:39
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    mgb Increase in efficiency claims from 30% (caree.org/bike101cliplesspedals.htm) to 55% (answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090324052633AA3GwAq). If you're not getting a big increase in efficiency with clipless pedals, you're probably not pulling hard enough (I don't mean to be snide).
    – msanford
    Dec 10, 2010 at 22:50
  • Assuming clipless pedals pedalling with one leg (when its safe), alternating legs can help to encourage you to even out your stroke
    – Warren Burton
    Jul 24, 2015 at 16:18
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Pushing down on the pedals is a natural thing. So to improve the "roundness" of your pedal stroke, completely ignore the down-stroke, instead focus on the following:

  1. Continuing the pedal stroke "across the bottom". This will probably feel something like trying to scrape mud off the bottom of your shoe.

  2. On the up-stroke, focus on driving your knee upwards toward the handlebar.

  3. At the top of the up-stroke, focus on sliding your foot over and down into the down-stroke.

Focusing on the non-instinctive 3/4 of the pedal stroke has really helped me improve form. Using a fixed gear (or staying in a low-ish gear), find someplace where you can spin out your cadence (a slight down-hill but not too steep).

Focusing on the 3/4 of the stroke that isn't pushing straight down, pedal as fast as you can until you find yourself starting to bounce. Keep doing this, and as you get better at the non-down-stroke, you'll find that the pedaling cadence at which you start bouncing will get higher and higher, as your pedal stroke gets more round.

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    +1, scraping the boot is one of the keys.
    – David LeBauer
    Dec 5, 2010 at 23:36
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One of the best reasons for having a round pedal stroke is efficiency. If you pedal stroke is smooth and efficient, you will get more power to the wheels with less effort. Some exercises for improving your pedal stroke; the winter is a great time for such low intensity exercises.

  1. Pedal a very big gear up hill (20-40 rpm) for intervals of 5-10 min x 2-5/day

  2. Pedal with one leg at a time 2-5x4-10 min x twice/week

  3. Ride rollers

  4. Ride a fixed gear

  5. combine two or more of the above.

Also note that it is not actually possible to get a perfect pedal stroke. I learned the above exercises from one of Massimo Testa's apprentices who was coaching the UC Davis cycling team. My pedal stroke was smoother than many professionals who had been through the lab, but as you can see (below) my dead spot (going over the top) was only 1/6 as powerful as my down stroke (at 90 degrees). This test was done with pressure sensors on each pedal. My right and left feet are shown by the blue and red lines respectively, at a constant power of 120W and about 90 rpm.

alt text

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First, make sure that you're properly fitted to the bike. Very hard to get it right without the basics being in place.

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If you ride on a trainer some of the time, consider getting a set of rollers. They force you to ride smoothly at a high cadence so you don't bounce up and down, and I've seen them dramatically improve my girlfriend's pedalling technique. They're much better for your technique than a turbo trainer.

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