Solvents will soften oily crud, but you need some detergent to encourage the dirt to disperse within your washing fluid.
I've used chain cleaning devices by Park, MucOff and others, with specific chain-cleaning fluids from various brands. They all work about the same.
After cleaning with plain solvents, you may need to intensively relubricate the chain as the lubricants applied within the chain during manufacture may have been disolved away.
If my chain ever gets so bad that off-the-shelf chain cleaner isn't enough, I just replace the chain, since this is cheaper than replacing the chainring(s) or cassette/sprocket.