There are two main factors that decide how much the front derailleur moves
- Limit screws
- Cable tension
The resulting derailleur movement may be limited by either of them, so you have to get both parameters right, but it seems you only tried limit screws.
It should be fairly easy to check what the problem is:
- If you can manually push the derailleur out further than it is positioned by the cable -> increase cable tension for additional movement
- If the derailleur doesn't move outward even though the cable is tight, it might just be stopped by the limit screw (too early)
The fact that it rubs on both chainrings sounds more like lack of cable tension to me.
On a side note: This adjustment may go off on a once perfectly set up bike, for example by cable stretch. I also had a problem with inline cable adjusters that gave in half a turn, decreasing tension and leading to rub.