It’s impossible to say scientifically, but chances are the damage is not material. You can exercise watchful waiting. That is, leave this photo up, and check back next week to see if anything looks worse, especially if a crack were to propagate or you notice the rim bulging. You can gradually increase the surveillance intervals if it doesn’t fail early.
This is basically a surface scratch, possibly something scraping the rim from the side. If you had a strike that cut through the rim sidewall entirely, that would be something you would ride home carefully and then replace. If it were a carbon rim, I would be more cautious and check it more often. Same if it were an ultralight aluminum rim, which I bet this is not.
I was riding the other day, and one guy had a nail go right through his tire and the rim bed. There wasn’t a sharp edge exposed. He made it back fine. This is something I would be more cautious on as well, with the added complication that you have to take the tire and rim tape off to inspect. I would probably keep riding that, however.