You need rim tape. This is the simplest possible answer.
Recall that pre-tubeless, you would need rim tape as well. The tube would expand into the spoke holes and pretty quickly burst. Same story. There are a few rims made without spoke holes, where you could dispense with rim tape. I think the Mavic Ksyriums may have been an old example? Modern Campy wheels also omit the holes. This makes the rim very hard to build without specialized equipment, fyi.
You might as well use tubeless tape, even though you want to run a tube. Tubeless tape serves the same function. Additionally, modern bike stores are very likely to stock it, and I don’t know if they even have older style rim tape. Also, I don’t know how wide that rim is, but non-tubeless tape for MTB width rims may not even exist. That said, non-tubeless tape, e.g. Velox cloth tape, would also work. Whatever the case, you will need tape wide enough to cover the holes plus a bit more.
After typing this, I wondered if Velox cloth tape was still around. It is, and sources often describe it as an old reliable industry staple, but I see 16mm, 19mm, and 22mm sizes. The OP's rim appears to have an internal width of a full 30mm. You need tape that's the same width or a couple mm wider than the rim. Of course, Velox shouldn't be expected to make 30mm cloth tape, because MTB rims have almost all moved over to tubeless.